Wednesday, December 23, 2009
Happy Christmas & A Productive New Year
Wednesday, November 18, 2009
A webpage and a booklist
(you will have to cut and paste the address)
Tuesday, November 17, 2009
Green Wedge Information - re Erosion Project
this is from the municipal association victoria website in releation to green wedge areas.
hope it is of some use
cheerio
meggs
(can't tranfer direct link for some reason...)
www.mav.asn.au/
it is in the Land Use Planning section - Green Wedges & Open Space
www.dse.vic.gov.au
it is in the Department of Planning & Community Development - Green Wedge Mangement Plans...
I will email a copy of the guidelines to you all though I don't have Padgett's email sorry...
Thursday, October 29, 2009
Sunday, September 20, 2009
Converting a chest freezer to a fridge
Here is a link to a page that has information on how to convert a chest freezer to a chest fridge that uses very little energy.This site has lots of other interesting stuff.
http://mtbest.net/chest_fridge.html
regards,Bela
Saturday, September 12, 2009
Homemade Rabbit Trap
Monday, August 17, 2009
Wednesday, July 22, 2009
WORLDS GREENEST HOMES- TV SHOW THIS THURSDAY
Architect and designer Emmanuel Belliveau presents this 13-part series that takes us on a whirlwind global tour of beautiful homes that are also eco-friendly.
6:05pm Thursday, 23 Jul 2009
www.abc.net.au/tv/guide/netw/200907/programs/ZX0051A001D23072009T180700.htm
Sunday, July 19, 2009
STATE OF DESIGN FESTIVAL THROUGHOUT THIS MONTH
Features art, architecture, environmental, design, talks, etc.
www.stateofdesign.com.au/events/dates/2009-7-20
This guy would be good for us all to see if you got the cash and time:
GARBAGE WARRIOR-www.stateofdesign.com.au/events/design-for-everyone/michael-reynolds
Sunday, July 12, 2009
Keyline Design Course coming up
Just thought I should share something exciting I found just now...
http://www.milkwoodpermaculture.com.au/courses/courses/keyline-design-course-richmond-jan-10.html
14-16 January 2010 - Richmond, NSW
Held near Yeomans' original Keyline Designed properties, where it all began... with Darren Doherty, the world's most respected Keyline educator.The Keyline System of farming is currently at the forefront of carbon farming techniques in the USA and beyond. An essential course for anyone aiming to understand landscape hydrology and manage land sustainably.
Tuesday, June 30, 2009
Monday, June 29, 2009
Reverend Billy & and The Church of No Shopping
This is something to ponder over the holidays. Thought you may like it. Only in America eh!.
http://www.revbilly.com/
Hope you are enjoying yourselves! I am. Out on my bike.
Meggs
Saturday, June 20, 2009
Sepp Holzer's Open Letter
http://www.krameterhof.at/en/
I've put all this on facebook, but am doubling up here for my non-facebook colleagues!
Iconic farm in Austria
Have a look at this man's farm at these links:
http://www.krameterhof.at/en/index.php?id=holzersche_permakultur
http://kjpermaculture.blogspot.com/2007/02/sepp-holzer-krameterhof.html masses of interesting links on this site also
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bw7mQZHfFVE
Thursday, June 18, 2009
Podcasts
Today ,Virginia recommended a podcast, here is a link to it:
http://www.abc.net.au/rn/backgroundbriefing/stories/2009/2592909.htm
and Paul Gilding's webpage-Let's not go shopping http://paulgilding.com/
I like to recommend one myself tooday.Have you heard of James Lovelock?
He is the one that proposed the Gaia hypothesis
http://www.abc.net.au/rn/foraradio/stories/2009/2600053.htm
Monday, June 15, 2009
Ground source heat pump
This is the system that i was talking about today.Using water from a well as a source of heath/coolth
http://www.google.com.au/search?q=groundsource+heat+pump&ie=utf-8&oe=utf-8&aq=t&rls=org.mozilla:en-GB:official&client=firefox-a
Bela
Sunday, June 14, 2009
How to make a great drawing board
I just found this great plan for making a drawing board.
http://www.sampletheweb.com/2005/01/26/how-to-make-your-own-drawing-board-for-use-with-an-easel/
Keyline Article
"Soil, Water & Carbon for Every Farm’ – Building Soils, Harvesting Rainwater, Storing Carbon"
A tall order ?Read all about it here:
http://permaculture.org.au/2009/03/16/keyline-design-mark-iv/#more-1177
It is free for download,see link at end of article.
foggyforge
How to design fire breaks
http://www.webphotos.com.au/viewarticle.aspx?page=designfirebreak
Friday, June 12, 2009
Wednesday, June 10, 2009
Sunday, June 7, 2009
sheds
Hope your designs are coming along nicely, can't say mine is:( :)
Found this when I was browsing the net. It's this really long blog about sheds. I thinks it's cute. Check out the 2nd last pic.
Liana
http://www.shedworking.co.uk/2008_11_01_archive.html
Tuesday, June 2, 2009
Monday, June 1, 2009
CSIRO sacks soil scientist
Australian Story, 1st of June 09 was about a soil scientist with a mission who got himself sacked for going against the pro GM management of the CSIRO and is going his own way, educating farmers about soil health. Read the article below. It opened my eyes to how my taxes are being used to prop up GM research via the CSIRO, whilst funding into research of sustainable farming practices is being denied. I wrote a comment in support of Maarten Stapper on that site. Felt it's the least I could do, and also took the opportunity to draw attention to Permaculture. If Bela knows of any way for you guys to see that ABC show again, you'd all probably enjoy it.
Rosemarie
http://www.celsias.com/article/public-resources-for-private-profit/
This is a great movie about a post" Peak Oil" farm in England. I really enjoyed watching this.
http://www.viddler.com/
Rosemarie
Gaviotas Community
I found this inspirational story about a community in Colombia. Have a look at both the links. Well worth it.
http://www.context.org/ICLIB/IC42/Colomb ia.htm
http://www.friendsofgaviotas.org/Home.ht ml
Rosemarie
Friday, May 29, 2009
Tuesday, May 26, 2009
tongue twisters from today
She sells sea shells by the sea shore.
The big black bug bled black blood.
Wednesday, May 20, 2009
Seven principles for garden and landscape design
I just found this and thought it may be of use to others in the class.
Design, like most activities, has principles which can be ignored - at your peril.
1. "Consult the Genius of the Place' is the first law of landscape planning and design. She helps those who work on site, gets cross with those who deny her existence, and has some views on style. In areas of high landscape quality, whether urban or rural, she often prefers a conservation approach, which makes new development similar to its surroundings. In areas of low landscape quality, she usually prefers an innovative approach, which creates a contrast between new development and its surroundings.
2. Planners and designers should make places that are good from as many points of view as possible: social, functional, artistic, spiritual, economic, hydrological, ecological, climatological, and others too. Use can be combined with beauty, pleasure with profit, work with contemplation. The garden can be the planner's crucible. Do not allow the specialist to grab even one petal from the six-lobed flower of life.
3. Work with your clients. But remember that plans and designs have many clients with divergent interests: those who pay your fees; users; builders; the wider community; the natural world. Landscape planners and designers must look beyond the narrow technical limits and tight geographical boundaries that constrain most of the built environment professions.
4. Precede good design with good planning. To work otherwise is to design castles upon sand. Sometimes, good planning occurs by accident. More often, it takes longer than design.
5. Design space before mass. Buildings, trees, shrubs, walls and mounds are mere packaging. They contain space.
6. Use materials of only the best quality. They may be the cheapest materials. Water, grass and water-washed gravel, for example, are of the first quality. Precast concrete slabs are a third-rate material. Sometimes, however, money must be spent with generosity. At the end of a long career, Thomas Mawson reflected that clients always appreciate quality and soon forget expense. If you try to save them money, they forget what you have done and always resent the inferior quality.
7. Learn from the work of painters, sculptors, architects, poets, musicians, philosophers, novelists and others. These interests can come together in what Jellicoe has suggested may be the most comprehensive of the arts. The principles of art and design are wide and deep.
For the above principles, thanks are due to: Alexander Pope, Humphry Repton, Patrick Geddes, Paul Klee, Christopher Tunnard, Arnold Weddle, Siegfried Gideon and Geoffrey Jellicoe.
source: http://www.gardenvisit.com/history_theory/garden_landscape_design_articles/design_methods/seven_principles_landscape_design
Sunday, May 17, 2009
Darebin Tip
Outlook Market
The Outlook Market is a shop run by Outlook Environmental which sells recycled goods. Items sold in the shop include:
Furniture
Timber
Bricks and building material
Clothes
Toys and Games
Tools
Collectables and bric-a-brac
Books
Household items
Location and Hours
Darebin Resource Recovery Centre Kurnai Avenue (off Henty Street), ReservoirMelway Map Reference: 18 C6Opening Hours8am to 3.30pm, 7 days a week (except Christmas Day, Boxing Day, New Year's Day, Good Friday and Anzac Day)
Build your own goat cart
When you are all permies living off the land somewhere, you may like to consider creating your own simple goat cart. You can race or just cruise around, or move things from place to place...
http://www.bundarra.com/How_to_build_a_goat_cart.pdf
Happy carting! :-)
Saturday, May 16, 2009
more book information
i have just found this site also
it is cheaper & has a good selection of books you may find yourself looking for for your collections
http://www.booksandcollectibles.com.au/bsearch.php3?restrict2=157&type=ALL
Barossa Vintage Books SA
bye!
Great book for budding designers
I have just found a treasure on my best friend's bookshelf. It belongs to her partner who has been a landscape designer for years. The title is "Landscape Graphics - From concept sketch to presentation rendering" by Grant W. Reid (ASLA).
If you are interested in obtaining a copy, as I have just done (on order in the post!) you can find it on this great website Biblioz which is the best place to look for out of print books or hard to find items. The postage is expensive as many of the items have to come from OS.
http://www.biblioz.com/search.php
There is also these ones there that folks may like to check out:
- Color Drawing: A Marker/Colored-pencil Approach for Architects, Landscape... By: Michael E. Doyle
- Book ID: 2235007649 - (stocked in U.S.A.)
- Buy this book for AUD$11.40 (approx. USD$8.39)
- * Approx. Price incl. shipping: AUD$30.88 incl. GST (approx. USD$20.66) Delivered to: Australia
- Description: Van Nostrand Reinhold Co. Used - Acceptable. Former Library book.1st. ACCEPTABLE with noticeable wear...
Prairie Landscape Desgin Guide Author: Virginia Yakimovich-Parenteau Pbl: Border City Graphics, Lloydminster AB, 1990 Price: AUD$40.11 (approx. USD$29.53) ...Lloydminster AB: Border City Graphics, 1990. Original Wraps. As New/No Jacket. complete garden design kit- pages at the back include the graph paper and the cutouts of trees, perennials, etc to layout your garden pictorially. No names, no damage. Excellent value. " easy to use, very visual - one of the mso\\ost helpful guides I've come across" " adaptable to any home and yard. 4to - over 9" - 12" tall. | |
Other Information | |
Condition: As New Binding: paperback | Dust Jacket: No Jacket Condition: No Jacket |
FreeHand Graphics: For Architects, Landscape Architects, and Interior Designers: A Problem-Solving Approach Author: Sutherland, Martha Pbl: Design Press, 1991 Price: AUD$44.27 (approx. USD$32.59) ...Normal shelf wear to cover, corners and edges. No apparent markings throughout. Tightly bound. Grear reading copy! Trade paperback (US). Glued binding. 160 p. Audience: General/trade. Good. No dust jacket as issued. | |
Other Information | |
Condition: Good. No dust jacket as issued. Binding: Trade paperback | ISBN: 9780830634804 |
- Residential Landscapes: Graphics, Planning, and Design By: Pierceall, Gregory M
- Book ID: 2237743446 - (stocked in U.S.A.)
- Buy this book for AUD$46.03 (approx. USD$33.89)
- * Approx. Price incl. shipping: AUD$67.31 incl. GST (approx. USD$45.05) Delivered to: Australia
- Description: Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, U.S.A.: Reston Pub Co, 1984 Clean, bright and tight. Minor shelfwear, primarily... more
Wednesday, May 13, 2009
A Green New Deal for Victoria
http://greennewdeal.wordpress.com/
Saturday, May 9, 2009
waste NOT want NOT
i just went to the darebin tip,
its fucken ace man, serously, all this stuff people will chuck out.
me and my housemate spent 8 dollars (thats 4 each) and got
- 2 bags (one big backpack, one handbag)
- a wormfarm (not fully in tact, but the peices are use able)
- a silver cloud tree sapling. .is sapling hte right word?? baby tree?
- a suitcase that holds audio tapes(our stereo only plays tapes and radio..)
- a saucepan with pretty pictures on the outside
- a big porcelan bowl
- a giant magic eye painting WOOHOOOO trippy man
- like, 20 tapes, including, maddonna, aretha franklin, indigo girls, culture club, tracey chapman, roxette, jackson 5, lou reed, billy bragg, eurythmics, sinead o conner, tom waits
- lots of storage jars
- a little bin to use for compost
- a red leather purse
- an etcher sketcher thing to leave notes like EAT THE LEFTOVERS PLZ
like, yeah. the point is, ALL this shit, ppl just threw in the bin, the fucken bin man, not even the op shop.
there was SO MUCH amazing building materials and garden stuff there, i was like amazed and excited, and i was looking at all these tins of rainbow paint and i met another person going thru them and it was a woman who runs the school garden at thornbury primary school.
its a really great garden there, i went there with meggs.
they use rope for there keyhole garden. so ace!!
anyway the point is, WASTE NOT WANT NOT----(produce no waste)
we can get almost everything from the rubbish bin!!!
xxxxxoxoxoxo
Thursday, May 7, 2009
new Podcast's
There is also other stuff about his work. http://www.permaculture.org.au/author/Warren%20Brush -I found it very inspiring!
Bela
Tuesday, May 5, 2009
Monday, May 4, 2009
Reducing our energy consumption
The Longnow foundation has other interesting speakers- like this-http://www.abc.net.au/tv/fora/stories/2009/04/17/2546038.htm
Dimitry Orlov on the collapse of the USA
Riparian Zone- Ninks Rd ,St Andrews
Found the email i sent Virginia last week with all the notes.Possibly over 100 pages in 5-6 pdf 's
Tried to post to studywiz (maybe Virginia could do it -i re-sent the lot to her)Have tried again to night to post it to this blog-no success.I can post it to all of you inividually ,so you could include it in your reports.Please let me know your preference.
regards,Bela
Sunday, May 3, 2009
Saturday, May 2, 2009
check out this amazing permaculture collective from texas
sooo coool!!!!!!
xoxoxoxo
Thursday, April 30, 2009
Here's a site which might illustrate David's principle of using edge. Also one to file away in the memory banks for designing later on, in case you encounter limitations similar to this lady's!
Enjoy the weekend,
Rosemarie
http://www.juneauempire.com/
Monday, April 27, 2009
huh??
promotion for the seed savers dvd
Compst week
Compost: To Combat Climate Change!
http://www.compostweek.com.au
International Composting Awareness Week
3-9 May 2009
Contact your local council for more information
Sunday, April 26, 2009
Herb farm and Orchard tour - Dunolly
check it out
http://mpirie.baltree.info/blog/?p=661
what is your opinion on this crap?
and i ended up looking into bio char.
i dont know how i feel/what i think, theres alot of stuff about it on the net........
whats everyone elses opinion?
here is a vid about it......
Saturday, April 25, 2009
Friday, April 24, 2009
Thursday, April 23, 2009
Future Canvas Blitz
Tuesday, April 21, 2009
Future Canvas Blitz - Sunday 17th of May !
Future Canvas Space and Garden Blitz
Join us for a day of Eco-Creative Madness and Fun on Sunday 17th of May, 2008
Permablitz www.permablitz.net/ will be joining us as well as o2 - The Australian Eco-Creatives Network www.o2australia.com/ to assist with gardening, permaculture and even making funky furniture from waste. We will also have Brendon from Emu Concepts joining us to assist with making the fleet of bikes for the Future Canvas Team of Volunteers.
The Space & Garden Blitz at Future Canvas HQ is a full-day of activities, music, art, learning and sharing aimed at bringing people from diverse backgrounds together to connect, share and design ways to live sustainably everyday. The day will result in the creation of the initial stage of the creative hub for sustainability thinkers in Melbourne and an urban community garden based at Future Canvas HQ. Overtime this hub will become a nucleus for sustainable thought, art and change in Melbourne and internationally.
The underpinning message for the day is for people to experience the power of community and creativity "Creative Communities" in achieving a transition towards a sustainable society.
Tuesday, April 21, 2009
TERRA PRETA, the like....coolest soil eva
and it will take you to info i found about this really cool ANCIENT soil, and i mean ANCIENT.
soil is fkn cool man.
xxxxxoxoxooxxoxoox
kati
Vegetable patch help for everyone who may need resources
Check it :)
http://members.dodo.net.au/kbears/month.htm
http://www.sgaonline.org.au/info_companion_planting.html
http://www.greenpatchseeds.com.au/herbs.html
The last link was working last week,, it may come back silly thing.
Sunday, April 19, 2009
State Library Catalogue
You are not allowed to reproduce photos unles for study purposes.
http://www.slv.vic.gov.au/catalogues/index.html
http://pictures.slv.vic.gov.au/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?DB=local&PAGE=First
this document is a must have
http://www.dse.vic.gov.au/PlanningSchemes/nillumbik/ordinance/21_mss03_03_nill.pdf
see you tomorrow
meggs
Saturday, April 18, 2009
Permaculture in high demand as I can see
I am extremely confident that we will all be very successful and quite busy in the future years; with our qualification we will be highly regarded, a good catch you can say to an employer or just in demand when we all have the confidence to pursue the permaculture way as our own business or on the side contract work, etc.
Choice :)
Thursday, April 16, 2009
so how's it all going out there?
Wednesday, April 15, 2009
Bioregional Programmes, Policy & Planning Directorate - Sth Africa FYI
I just came across an interesting document whilst doing a little research for our assessment task. You may like to have a look at it. I have just glanced at the first page, looks like fancy permaculture to me. Inspiring stuff to see...
"Major focus: supporting accellerated & environmental decision making that contributes to socio-economic & sustainable management of ecosystems & species."
http://www.sanbi.org/anreport0506/SANBI%20AR%2006%20BioDivPlan.pdf
Trewhella Berry Farm - biodynamics course location FYI
Thought you may be interested in checking out my friend's site. She is the one who will be hosting the Introduction to Biodynamics course on the 3rd of May...
http://www.trewhellafarm.com.au/
if you would like a copy of the flier for this event, please email me direct meggshp@gmail.com
Tuesday, April 14, 2009
Heidelberg-Kinglake RD
Finally managed to get through to a very helpful lady called Nerilee at Vic Roads today. She said the Heidelberg Kinglake Road has been repaired on an ongoing basis since the fires. About 100 metres north of Ninks Rd turn off a minor turning circle has been constructed. Rehabilitation work on the sides of the road is in progress. They are concerned about erosion and are implementing drainage strategies to try and curb that. They are working closely with Parks Victoria. Further closures can't be ruled out due to the extent of undercutting at the roadsides which could lead to subsidance and more erosion.They are using spray on concrete as reinforcements to stop the sliding. There is concern about a soil pathogen "phytophtera" ( hope I spelled this correctly ), spreading. To minimise this, all machinery has to be cleaned before it can leave the work site. The road is open only to light vehicles and a speed limit of 40 km is in force. It seems that conditions continue to be unpredictable and travellers need to be prepared for unexpected obstacles on the road.
Rosemarie
Saturday, April 11, 2009
Postalservice/Photos/Neighbours
She doesnt have a PO box, mail is delivered direct to her property.
Photos from before the fire are analogue so pysical copies and access to a scanner are needed before they can be posted here.
And she has no idea what her neighbors plans are.
Though she did mention the day that they neighbours to the right of her property are a Turkish
Riparian Zone- Ninks Rd ,St Andrews
Have made lot of phone calls,still dont have the actual information-(waiting for it)From Melbourne Water,DSE ,Shire of Nillumbik.
Have to work sunday -monday will work on posting availible info on tues wednesday -days off.
Have PDf's and some word documents.
Regards,Bela
(foggyforge@gmail.com)
Wednesday, April 8, 2009
kinglake national park info
http://docs.google.com/Doc?id=dk65vvp_13hcxxnphh
St Andrews bushfire information & building standards info in reagrds to fire
Most of St Andrews is covered by a "Wildfire Management Overlay". All applications for a planning permit are forwarded to the CFA for examination.
People need to read this document...
http://www.cfa.vic.gov.au/documents/wmo_applicants_kit.pdf
Basically when you plan to build in a wildfire management zone you need to identify the vegetation , look at the water courses & availability, etc.
There is also a new standard for buildings - Australian Standard 3959-2009 (for construction of buildings in bushfire prone areas. This was recently reviewed & there is significant new changes regarding the vegetation type & how, what & where you are allowed to build.
this is the document that people will need to read
http://www.buildingcommission.com.au/resources/documents/Building_Commission-BAL_Guide_(3).pdf
this is a summary of the standard. In any case the building surveyor will do the bushfire attack assessment, before any permits are issued, changes will often need to be made to plans regarding site, vegetation near house etc.
the building commission is responsibile for building permits.
www.buildingcommission.com.au
New Residential Building Standard
Practice Notes: The Commission is finalising an updated version of PN 42 that provides advice in relation to the new AS 3959 - 2009. The Practice Note will also include advice in relation to
- assessing a site under the new Standard in fire affected areas where the vegetation has been destroyed
- implementation processes where the allotment is in a wildfire management overlay.
Practice Note 46 will be revoked as the new Standard addresses the use of nominated timber species.Planning permit exemption for rebuild of destroyed homes in a WMO.
Building Act and Regulations: The Building Amendment (Bushfire Construction) Interim Regulations 2009 have been incorporated into the Building Regulations 2006. The consolidated Regulations can be found here. The new Regulations adopt the new Standard AS 3959 - 2009 Construction of buildings in bushfire prone areas. The Standard is available for purchase from SAI Global, Standards Australia publication arm or can be obtained through SAI Global's "BCA + Referenced Standards" if you have a current subscription to that product.
From 11 March 2009, the new Victorian residential building standard will see new and replacement homes designed, constructed and located with improved bushfire protection to the new Australian Standard (AS 3959). \The new residential building standard has been introduced into the Building Regulations 2006. The Victorian Government has adopted the new standard to expedite rebuilding bushfire affected homes without compromising safety.
If a building is to be rebuilt, renovated or repaired in bushfire prone areas, the work needs to take the new residential building standard into account. Building designers or architects need to advise consumers on how best to achieve this. To find out if building work needs to comply, it is important to contact the relevant local Council's Municipal Building Surveyor or Private Building Surveyor.
You may need a planning permit to rebuild your permanent house. To find out more download guide to building in Victoria after the bushfires (735KB). For further information about the new residential building standard contact the Building Commission's on 1300 360 380 or email publicrelations@buildingcommission.com.au.
Tuesday, April 7, 2009
Building Codes/etc for fire prone areas
http://www.buildingcommission.com.au/resources/documents/Building_Commission-BAL_Guide_(3).pdf
Hey all! Hope this what you need. To get the actual building code you have to pay abit of money:( This is what they've made up for residents to make it abit easier to understand.
Plans for Kinglake- Heidelberg Rd
Still waiting for Vic Roads to call me with some info. They seem very cautious about providing any. Had to leave my details with them. Perhaps they are conducting police checks on me as we speak.
Wanted to know why I needed the info and when I explained they still told me they would get back to me. Called Nillumbik council, but they don't deal with the upkeeep of the road, so still depending on Vic roads for details. Will post as soon as I have any. Sorry folks!
Fire stuff for St Andrews
Been a little slack, but here is some information regarding fires for St Andrews area. Thanks to Bela for reminding me of the deadline! Hopefully the rest of the group will join the blog soon too!
http://www.bom.gov.au/amm/200601/long.pdf
http://www.cfa.vic.gov.au/residents/documents/summer_fire_safety.pdf
http://www.cfa.vic.gov.au/residents/living/litb-workbook.htm
Nillumbik Fire Restrictions run from 1 December 2008 to 1 May 2009.
Still waiting for call back from Region 13 contact for more information...
The contact details are: CFA headquarters, Region 13, 18-22 Lakeview Drive, Lilydale
Ph: 8739 1300
Hope you are all having a lovely holiday time.
Cheerio
Meggs
Monday, April 6, 2009
Sunday, April 5, 2009
Wednesday, April 1, 2009
report
djkfha;lhsdflas
Tuesday, March 31, 2009
Monday, March 30, 2009
True Food Guide
Some of you may know about this already, but for you who don't please have a look...
http://www.truefood.org.au/truefoodguide/
Sunday, March 29, 2009
POSTNUMBER ONE
xxxx